Several hypotheses regarding the etiology of cervical vertigo, such as neurovascular, somatosensory input, vascular and cervical instability, have been put forward (Yacovino et al. 2013).

A biopsychosocial framework helps put into context the interconnected and multidirectional interaction between: physiology, thoughts, emotions, behaviors, culture, and beliefs. In terms of clinical responses to massage therapy there are a couple of proposed mechanisms of action, including but not limited to: neurodynamics, contextually aided recovery, neuromodulation, social grooming and mechanotherapy.